[Mirage]'s holograms also hit the enemies for damage, so when you multiply the instances of attack against the number of procs you get about... say... 12 or so hits per second and then each one of those hits can and will proc about 2.65 instances of DoT (you forgot about the forced slash from the stance didn't you?). So in about 2 seconds, anytime it was DEcided that an enemy should have armor, they don't anymore.
Swapped to my [Sporelacer] to kill the Acolyte (please make sure you rolled away the [Frost] dude's bubble first!) after armor strip. Quick work.
Arcane Strike works well, Arcane [Fury] is not needed because honestly you only A. Strike. A. Aegis won't work well because you evade about 80% of attacks so the consistency of you getting hit is not that great. I'd use Energize but as you can see unless I mess up very badly the base energy levels are fine.
Defensively, I went with [Hildryn]'s Pillage to generate enough overshields to compensate for Mirage's shortcomings. The range is absolutely atrocious but thankfully the wave travels at 20m/s for more than 3 seconds and therefore you'd cover enough of the map to get back full overshields per cast. Brief Respite is a safety net for "emergencies" but you shouldn't need it.
Balla: https://overframe.gg/build/229565/
Argonak: <just put on Amalgam Argonak Metal Auger FFS>
Sporelacer - Harbinger of Devastation: https://overframe.gg/build/229566/